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Tag-Set

A POS -tag stands for a unique set of morpho-syntactic features as exemplified in tables below and a word can take several POS-tags. For instance, the string ``books'' generally can have two readings: in the phrase ``he books tickets'' the word ``books'' is a verb of the third person (VBZ) but in the phrase ``he reads books'' it is a plural noun (NNS).

There is a useful distinction into open-class and closed-class words. Open class is a class of words which does not consist from a finite number of words. These are nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. As opposed to open classes, closed classes consist of a finite and well-established number of words as, for instance, prepositions, articles, wh-words, etc.

Modified Penn Treebank Tag-Set (open class categories)
POS Tag	Description	Example
JJ	adjective	green
JJR	adjective, comparative	greener
JJS	adjective, superlative	greenest
RB	adverb	however, usually, naturally, here, good
RBR	adverb, comparative	better
RBS	adverb, superlative	best
NN	common noun	table
NNS	noun plural	tables
NNP	proper noun	John
NNPS	plural proper noun	Vikings
VB	verb base form	take
VBD	verb past	took
VBG	gerund	taking
VBN	past participle	taken
VBP	verb, present, non-3d	take
VBZ	verb present, 3d person	takes
FW	foreign word	d'hoevre

Modified Penn Treebank Tag-Set (closed class categories)
POS Tag Description Example

CD cardinal number 1, third

CC coordinating conjunction and

DT determiner the

EX existential there there is

IN preposition in, of, like

LS list marker 1)

MD modal could, will

PDT predeterminer both the boys

POS possessive ending friend's

PRP personal pronoun I, he, it

PRP$ possessive pronoun my, his

RP particle give up

TO to (both "to go" and "to him") to go, to him

UH interjection uhhuhhuhh

WDT wh-determiner which

WP wh-pronoun who, what

WP$ possessive wh-pronoun whose

WRB wh-adverb where, when

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